U.S. Citizenship

There are several means by which U.S. citizenship is obtained: birth in the United States, acquired citizenship, derived citizenship, or naturalization.

U.S. citizenship holds a multitude of benefits. Citizens are eligible to vote, work in certain government positions, enjoy enhanced travel protections, and have greater ability to petition for family members.

Naturalization — General Requirements

1. Be 18 years of age or older at filing time

2. State or USCIS district residency for at least 3 months prior to filing

3. Five years of permanent resident status (3 years if married to a U.S. citizen)

4. Continuous U.S. residence for 5 years

5. Physical U.S. presence for at least 2½ years

6. Good moral character demonstration for the preceding 5 years

7. Basic English speaking, reading, and writing ability

8. Passage of U.S. history and civics test

9. Attachment to the principles of the U.S. Constitution

English and Civics Test Waivers

Exemptions by Age and Residency

• Age 55 with 15 years of permanent resident status — English exam exemption

• Age 50 with 20 years of permanent resident status — English exam exemption

• Age 65 with 20 years of permanent resident status — modified civics test

Medical Waivers

Available for individuals with conditions such as dementia, Alzheimer's disease, or severe depression that prevent them from learning English or civics.

Acquired and Derivative Citizenship

Child Citizenship Act of 2000 — Requirements:

• At least one parent is a U.S. citizen (by birth or naturalization)

• Child resides in the legal and physical custody of the U.S. citizen parent

• Child is lawfully admitted for permanent residence